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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Characterization of Transcriptome Transition Associates Long Noncoding RNAs with Glioma Progression.

Xiaoyu Lin1, Tiantongfei Jiang1, Jing Bai1

  • 1College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.

Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
|November 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals dynamic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression changes during glioma progression, identifying key oncogenic and tumor-suppressive lncRNAs. These findings highlight lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for glioma prognosis and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
cancer hallmarkglioma progressionlong noncoding RNAsurvivaltranscription regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play roles in cancer, but their functions in glioma progression are not fully understood.
  • Glioma, a primary brain tumor, exhibits complex molecular heterogeneity across different grades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic expression patterns of lncRNAs during glioma progression.
  • To identify oncogenic and tumor-suppressive lncRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms.
  • To discover lncRNA-based biomarkers for glioma prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lncRNA expression profiles in 907 glioma patients across grades II, III, and IV.
  • Identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs and their correlation with clinical data.
  • Functional prediction of lncRNAs using the "guilt by association" method.
  • In vitro validation of CARD8-AS1's role in glioma cell metastasis.
  • Development and validation of an lncRNA-gene functional module signature for patient survival prediction.

Main Results:

  • Widespread dynamic lncRNA expression changes were observed during glioma progression.
  • Identified 33 oncogenic and 61 tumor suppressor lncRNAs, with oncogenic lncRNAs regulated by grade-specific transcription factors.
  • CARD8-AS1 was found to regulate the metastatic potential of glioma cells in vitro.
  • Identified 12 protective and 8 risk lncRNAs, including PWAR6 and CARD8-AS1.
  • A novel lncRNA-gene functional module signature accurately predicted patient survival in independent datasets.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs exhibit dynamic expression transitions throughout glioma progression.
  • lncRNA signatures hold promise as valuable biomarkers for glioma prognosis.
  • Understanding lncRNA functions can elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying glioma progression and inform therapeutic strategies.