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Related Concept Videos

Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

91.8K
Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
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Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

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The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
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Electron Behavior00:54

Electron Behavior

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Overview
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the...
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Electron Behavior01:09

Electron Behavior

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Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into subshells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

112.2K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
112.2K
Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

72.2K
Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

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Electronic cigarettes: a brief update.

A Mathur1, O J Dempsey2

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinic C, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK, abhinav.mathur@nhs.net.

The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
|November 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasingly used as an alternative to conventional tobacco. Emerging evidence suggests e-cigarettes may aid smoking cessation efforts, though safety and regulation remain debated.

Keywords:
e-cigaretteselectronic cigarettespublic healthsmoking cessationvaping

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Addiction Science

Background:

  • Rising popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) alongside declining conventional tobacco smoking.
  • Availability of diverse e-cigarette products on the market.
  • Growing body of evidence suggesting potential efficacy of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the use of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.
  • To discuss the ongoing debate concerning e-cigarette safety and regulatory status.

Main Methods:

  • Evidence-based clinical review.
  • Synthesis of the latest research findings on e-cigarette use for smoking cessation.
  • Analysis of current discussions on e-cigarette safety and regulation.

Main Results:

  • E-cigarettes are increasingly prevalent, with declining rates of traditional cigarette use.
  • Emerging evidence supports the role of e-cigarettes in aiding individuals to quit smoking.
  • Significant ongoing debate exists regarding the safety profile and regulatory landscape of e-cigarettes.

Conclusions:

  • E-cigarettes represent a potential tool for smoking cessation, supported by emerging evidence.
  • Further research and clear regulatory frameworks are necessary to address safety concerns and optimize their use in public health strategies.
  • The clinical utility of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation warrants continued investigation and discussion.