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Water intake and hydration state in children
HyunGyu Suh1, Stavros A Kavouras2
1Hydration Science Lab, Arizona State University, Arizona Biomedical Collaborate, Suite 133, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
European Journal of Nutrition
|December 4, 2018
Summary
Many children do not drink enough water, leading to underhydration. This review of 32 studies highlights inadequate water intake and hydration status in pediatric populations worldwide.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Public Health
- Hydration Science
Background:
- Low water intake is linked to negative health outcomes in children.
- Existing research suggests a majority of children do not meet recommended water intake guidelines.
- Elevated hydration biomarkers indicate widespread underhydration among pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review children's water intake habits and hydration status.
- To analyze data from 32 observational studies encompassing 36,813 children.
- To compare reported water intake with established guidelines and assess hydration levels.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL.
- Analysis of total water/fluid intake from 25 countries.
- Assessment of underhydration using urine osmolality (>800 mmol·kg⁻¹).
Main Results:
- Only 11 of 32 studies reported both water intake and hydration status.
- 12 of 24 studies showed mean/median water intake below guidelines.
- 4 of 13 studies indicated underhydration; 60%±24% of children across 19 countries failed to meet intake recommendations.
Conclusions:
- Children's water consumption is insufficient for adequate hydration.
- Findings underscore a significant public health concern regarding pediatric hydration.
- Further interventions may be needed to improve water intake habits in children.
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