Alternating-Phase Focusing for Dielectric-Laser Acceleration

The concept of dielectric-laser acceleration provides the highest gradients among breakdown-limited (nonplasma) particle accelerators. However, stable beam transport and staging have not been shown experimentally yet. We present a scheme that confines the beam longitudinally and in one transverse direction. Confinement in the other direction is obtained by a single conventional quadrupole magnet. Within the small aperture of 420 nm we find the matched distributions, which allow an optimized injection into pure transport, bunching, and accelerating structures. The combination of these resembles the photonics analogue of the radio frequency quadrupole, but since our setup is entirely two dimensional, it can be manufactured on a microchip by lithographic techniques. This is a crucial step towards relativistic electrons in the MeV range from low-cost, handheld devices and connects the two fields of attosecond physics and accelerator physics.