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RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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RNA therapy: Are we using the right molecules?

Ai-Ming Yu1, Chao Jian1, Allan H Yu1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|December 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA therapeutics offer new treatment avenues by targeting RNA and the genome. Bioengineered RNA agents, produced via fermentation, mimic natural RNA structures for improved safety and efficacy in drug development.

Keywords:
BiotechnologyCancerRNAiTherapymiRNAncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Current RNA therapeutics often use chemically modified RNA mimics, differing significantly from natural cellular RNAs.
  • Existing RNA drugs and research primarily rely on synthetic RNA mimics, unlike protein therapeutics which utilize biologically produced proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of RNA therapeutics targeting human diseases through RNA interference.
  • To highlight the structural disparities between natural RNAs and synthetic RNA mimics.
  • To discuss novel bioengineered RNA agents produced via fermentation for RNA research and drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of natural RNAs and chemo-engineered RNA mimics.
  • Review of RNA interference mechanisms in disease treatment.
  • Exploration of RNA bioengineering technologies for large-scale biologic RNA production.

Main Results:

  • Chemo-engineered RNA mimics possess extensive modifications, distinguishing them from naturally occurring, minimally modified cellular RNAs.
  • Biologic RNA agents produced through fermentation offer a promising alternative, potentially mirroring the structure, function, and safety of natural RNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Bioengineered RNA agents produced via fermentation represent a novel class of therapeutics with potential advantages over synthetic RNA mimics.
  • These biologic RNAs may offer improved structural fidelity, enhanced functionality, and better safety profiles for RNA-based therapies and research.