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Detection of Silver Nanoparticles by Electrochemically Activated Galvanic Exchange
Molly R Kogan1, Nicole E Pollok1, Richard M Crooks1
1Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , 100 East 24th Street, Stop A1590 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States.
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 12, 2018
Summary
Galvanic exchange between gold and silver nanoparticles is inefficient due to shell formation and AgCl precipitation. However, optimized processes enable sensitive detection of silver nanoparticles in bioassays.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Nanotechnology
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as labels in bioassays.
- Paper fluidic devices are utilized for bioassays.
- Galvanic exchange (GE) is a process for modifying nanoparticles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the galvanic exchange (GE) process between electrogenerated AuCl4- and AgNPs.
- To understand the limitations of GE for AgNP labels in bioassays.
- To optimize GE for sensitive detection of AgNPs.
Main Methods:
- Combined electrochemistry and microscopy studies.
- Investigation of GE under buffer conditions simulating biological fluids.
- Optimization of GE parameters for enhanced detection.
Main Results:
- GE resulted in only ~5% silver recovery due to a protective gold shell forming on AgNPs.
- AgCl precipitation in chloride-containing buffers further inhibited GE.
- Optimized GE allowed detection of AgNP label concentrations as low as 2.6 fM.
Conclusions:
- Galvanic exchange between AuCl4- and AgNPs is significantly limited by shell formation and AgCl precipitation.
- Despite limitations, optimized GE is a viable method for sensitive AgNP detection in bioassays.
- The study provides insights into optimizing nanoparticle-based detection in fluidic devices.
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