Recent advances in gynecologic radiation oncology

Radiation has long been a primary treatment modality in locally advanced gynecologic carcinomas and a tool for palliation of metastatic disease. Here we review advances in imaging and radiation technologies and the corresponding clinical evolution of the role for radiation oncology in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies.

Advances in MRI are impacting diagnosis, radiation target delineation, planning, treatment delivery, and response assessment. The combination of MRI and PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) has the potential to significantly change treatment recommendations as compared with a single imaging modality. Advances in radiation delivery including intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) have expanded the role for radiation in the definitive treatment of high risk and oligometastatic ovarian cancer. Finally, global disparities in oncology resources has led to the development of resource stratified treatment guidelines for gynecologic malignancies. The use of ultrasound for brachytherapy planning may help improve access to this critical treatment modality.

As imaging and radiation technologies advance, the indications for radiation in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies continues to evolve. Here we review the changing landscape of radiation oncology in the multidisciplinary management of gynecologic cancers.