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Genetic Variation

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).

What is Population Genetics?

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.

What is Variation?

What is Variation?

Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean.
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

Gene Flow

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Published on: March 1, 2019

LncVar: Deciphering Genetic Variations Associated with Long Noncoding Genes.

Xiaowei Chen^1,2, Yajing Hao^1,3, Ya Cui^1,3

¹CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|December 13, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can impact their function. The LncVar database aids in understanding how these variations affect lncRNA regulation and modification, crucial for exploring their biological roles.

Keywords:

Long noncoding genes RNA modification Single nucleotide polymorphism Small peptide Topologically associating domains Transcriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in biological processes, but their functions are largely unknown.
Genetic variations within lncRNA regions are increasingly linked to diseases.
Understanding the impact of these variations is crucial for disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct a comprehensive database, LncVar, for genetic variations associated with long noncoding genes.
To establish methods for evaluating the effects of genetic variations on lncRNA transcriptional regulation and modification.
To facilitate the exploration of lncRNA functions and their roles in disease.

Main Methods:

Data collection encompassing lncRNAs, transcription factor binding sites, m6A modification sites, and putatively translated open reading frames.
Development of analytical steps to assess the impact of genetic variations on lncRNA regulatory elements and modifications.
Database construction for cataloging genetic variations in lncRNA genes.

Main Results:

The LncVar database has been successfully constructed, integrating diverse lncRNA-related data.
Methodologies for evaluating the functional consequences of genetic variations on lncRNA transcription and modification are described.
The study provides a framework for analyzing disease-associated variations in lncRNA genes.

Conclusions:

The LncVar database serves as a valuable resource for studying genetic variations in lncRNAs.
Evaluating the effects of variations on transcriptional regulation and modification is essential for understanding lncRNA function.
This work contributes to the ongoing effort to elucidate the roles of lncRNAs in biology and disease.