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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

71.0K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

39.5K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
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Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

96.9K
Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
96.9K
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

51.4K
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
51.4K
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

27.3K
27.3K
Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

39.0K
Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Manufacture of Concentrated, Lipid-based Oxygen Microbubble Emulsions by High Shear Homogenization and Serial Concentration
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Manufacture of Concentrated, Lipid-based Oxygen Microbubble Emulsions by High Shear Homogenization and Serial Concentration

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Intermolecular Forces Model for Lipid Microbubble Shells.

Mark Andrew Borden1

  • 1Mechanical Engineering , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309-0427 , United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new model predicts microbubble shell properties based on lipid chemistry, aiding the rational design of advanced ultrasound contrast agents for medical imaging and therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Lipid-coated microbubbles are crucial ultrasound contrast agents in echocardiography and radiology.
  • Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic applications necessitate precise microbubble formulation.
  • Engineering microbubbles requires understanding lipid chemistry's impact on interfacial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantitative model linking lipid chemistry to microbubble shell interfacial properties.
  • To enable rational design for selecting and processing lipids in microbubble formulations.
  • To predict key microbubble shell characteristics based on molecular interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized coarse-graining and molecular dynamics force fields.

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  • Developed a model based on lateral Coulomb and van der Waals interactions between lipid components.
  • Applied the model to predict monolayer permeability, elasticity, and surface tension.

    • Main Results:

    • The model accurately predicts microbubble shell monolayer permeability.
    • It quantifies elasticity based on lipid composition and temperature.
    • Equilibrium spreading surface tension at the air/water interface is also predicted.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed intermolecular forces model provides accurate predictions of microbubble shell properties.
    • This model facilitates the rational engineering of lipid formulations for microbubbles.
    • Future applications include elucidating complex phenomena and designing novel microbubble agents.