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RADIATION EXPOSURE FROM NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN BUILDING MATERIALS.

M J Madruga1,2, C Miró3, M Reis1,2

  • 1Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, ao km 139,7, Bobadela LRS, Portugal.

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|December 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radioactivity in Iberian building materials was measured for radium (Ra), thorium (Th), and potassium (K). While most materials are safe, some aggregates, granites, ceramics, phosphogypsum, and zircon exceed European Union limits.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Radiological Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Building materials can contain naturally occurring radionuclides.
  • Assessing radioactivity in construction materials is crucial for public health and safety.
  • Previous studies have focused on specific regions, necessitating broader data collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in diverse building materials from the Iberian Peninsula.
  • To evaluate the radiological health hazard parameters associated with these radionuclides.
  • To compare the findings with European Union (EU) recommended limits for building materials.

Main Methods:

  • Collection and analysis of building material samples from Portugal and Spain.
  • Use of High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry for radionuclide quantification.
  • Calculation of radiological parameters including radium equivalent activity (Raeq), activity concentration index (I), and dose rates.

Main Results:

  • Highest mean activities: 226Ra (2168 Bq kg-1) and 232Th (390 Bq kg-1) in zircon; 40K (1290 Bq kg-1) in granite.
  • Mean concentrations in general materials (excluding specific types): 62 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 31 Bq kg-1 for 232Th, and 519 Bq kg-1 for 40K.
  • Some samples of aggregates, granites, ceramics, phosphogypsum, and zircon exceeded EU recommended limits.

Conclusions:

  • Radioactivity levels in most Iberian building materials are within safe limits.
  • Specific materials like zircon and phosphogypsum require careful consideration due to elevated radionuclide concentrations.
  • The study contributes valuable data to the global understanding of building material radioactivity and informs regulatory practices.