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Spatiotemporal transcriptomic divergence across human and macaque brain development.

Ying Zhu1,2, André M M Sousa1, Tianliuyun Gao1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps brain development across species using transcriptomics, revealing conserved patterns and gene links to neurodevelopmental disorders. These findings illuminate human brain evolution and disease origins.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Human nervous system development is complex, requiring precise gene regulation over time and space.
  • Understanding conserved developmental patterns across species is crucial for insights into human brain evolution and disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate transcriptomic patterns during primate brain development (prenatal and postnatal).
  • To identify conserved and divergent gene expression programs across species and developmental stages.
  • To explore the genetic underpinnings of human brain evolution and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Generated tissue-level and single-cell transcriptomic data from 16 rhesus macaque brain regions.
  • Integrated macaque data with complementary human developmental data.
  • Analyzed spatiotemporal gene expression patterns and identified divergent genes.

Main Results:

  • Identified "cup-shaped" patterns in transcriptomic differences during development and across species, with a perinatal convergence.
  • Observed transient topographic gradients in prenatal neocortex and functional hierarchy in postnatal brain development.
  • Found genes with altered expression linked to prenatal prefrontal cortex development, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptomic programs reveal conserved patterns in primate brain development, offering insights into human brain evolution.
  • Specific gene expression changes are associated with the development of distinct brain regions and the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders.