The Reach of the Gastrocnemius Musculocutaneous Flap: How High Is High?

Gastrocnemius muscle and musculocutaneous flaps are very versatile and one of the commonly used flaps for lower extremity reconstruction. There is significant literature available on the use of these flaps. However, we feel that the potential of the gastrocnemius musculocutaneous (GMC) flaps has not yet been fully explored in terms of increasing their reach, viability and arc of rotation. An attempt is made to refine the technique of flap harvestation to optimize outcomes of this versatile flap.

Six patients of complex lower limb defects were managed using the GMC flaps. Harvesting of the flap was always initiated from the posterior midline to include the proximal sural pedicle, sural nerve, short saphenous vein and the muscle belly of either the medial or the lateral gastrocnemius muscle along with the cutaneous paddle. All the flaps were islanded and denervated. The origin of the gastrocnemius muscle was detached in all cases to increase the reach of this flap.

The flap can reliably and comfortably cover defects from middle third-lower third junction of thigh and the entire posterior aspect of the thigh. Such a local option offers relatively simple but more cost-effective approach to complex clinical problem with tolerable impairment of the donor site.

The GMC flap can be considered as a worthwhile alternative to free-tissue transfer for limb salvage.