[Retrospective analysis of early dental implant failure]

To analyze the risk factors of early dental implant failure,treatment and prognosis.

Cases of dental implants in the first clinical division from January 2000 to December 2016 were selected according to inclusion criteria. The differences of gender,age,smoking,location of implants, healing abutments and bone graft were compared between early failed implants and success implants. The general conditions of early failure patients, the early failure occurrence time, treatment and prognosis were recorded. Statistical methods were χ² test and descriptive analysis, P<0.05 had statistical significance. Statistical analysis software was IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0.

There were 36 patients with 36 early failed implants and 4 381 patients with 6 564 success implants. The rate of early dental implant failure was 0.8% at individual level and 0.5% at implant level. There was no significant difference in gender between the failed implants and success implants (P=0.692). The failure rate of the patients ≥40 years old (1.0%) was higher significantly than that of the patients <40 years old(0.4%, P=0.033). The failure rate of smokers (1.3%) was higher significantly than that of non-smokers(0.3%,P<0.01). There was no significant difference of early failure among four implant locations, which were anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandibular and posterior mandibula (P=0.709). The early failure of implants with bone graft and healing abutments at the same time (1.1%) was significantly higher than that of the implants with bone and healing abutments separately (0.5%, P=0.039). Ten patents with early failed implants had general diseases, including 5 patients with diabetes, 3 with hypertension and 2 with coronary heart disease. All the patients with general diseases were controlled well. The median of early failure occurrence time was 30.5 after implant operations. 83.3% early failure implants was found by dentists at re-examinations. All of the early failure implants were removed when they were found failed. Twenty-six early failure implant sites were inserted with implants again, of which 23 implants were successful.

The early dental implant failure was possible to occur in one month after implants inserting. The possible risk factors were age≥40 years old, smoking and using bone graft and healing abutments at the same time. Most early dental implant failure was found by dentists at re-examinations. The implants should be removed when the early dental implant failure was found, which didn't influence the later implantation.