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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
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Methods for Acute and Subacute Murine Hindlimb Ischemia
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Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis (DUSN).

Stephen H Tsang1,2, Tarun Sharma3

  • 1Jonas Children's Vision Care, Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative-Departments of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Engineering, Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a rare eye condition caused by a nematode. Early symptoms include pain and vision loss, progressing to optic atrophy and severe visual impairment.

Keywords:
DUSNDiffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitisPhenocopies

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is an ocular inflammatory condition.
  • It is characterized by the presence of a subretinal nematode, leading to significant visual impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation, progression, and outcomes of DUSN.
  • To highlight the diagnostic features and management challenges associated with this parasitic infection of the retina.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing clinical findings in a patient with DUSN.
  • Ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, funduscopy, and imaging to assess retinal and optic nerve status.

Main Results:

  • Acute phase: Severe pain, decreased vision, vitritis, papillitis, and characteristic grayish-white tracks with a visible nematode.
  • Late phase: Retinal arterial narrowing, optic atrophy, and diffuse retinal pigment epithelium disruption, resulting in profound vision loss.

Conclusions:

  • DUSN presents with distinct acute and late phases, both leading to significant visual morbidity.
  • Prompt diagnosis and potential intervention are crucial, although visual outcomes remain guarded in the late stages.