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Cognitive style modulates semantic interference effects: evidence from field dependency.

Raffaele Nappo1,2,3, Cristina Romani4, Giulia De Angelis5,6

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Individual differences in semantic interference, a word selection delay, are linked to cognitive style. Field-dependent individuals show greater semantic interference, not differences in top-down inhibition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Semantic interference effect occurs when selecting a target word is delayed by activated semantic neighbors.
  • Individual susceptibility to semantic interference varies, potentially due to lexical selection or top-down inhibition.
  • Cognitive style, specifically field independence/dependence, may also influence semantic interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between semantic interference in picture naming and STM probe tasks.
  • To examine the role of top-down response inhibition (Stroop task) and cognitive style (EFT) in semantic interference.
  • To determine if cognitive style modulates semantic interference independently of inhibitory control.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed semantic interference in picture naming and a semantic STM probe task.
  • Measured top-down inhibition using a Stroop task.
  • Evaluated field-independent/field-dependent (FI/FD) cognitive style via the embedded figures test (EFT).

Main Results:

  • A significant relationship was found between semantic interference in picture naming and cognitive style.
  • Semantic interference increased with greater field dependence.
  • No significant associations were observed between semantic interference, the semantic probe task, or the Stroop task.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive style, particularly field dependence, significantly modulates semantic interference in picture naming.
  • Differences in top-down control mechanisms, as measured by the Stroop task, do not appear to account for individual variations in semantic interference.
  • Findings suggest cognitive style is a key factor influencing susceptibility to semantic interference.