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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

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Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
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Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
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Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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Arterial hypertension in the elderly.

Jan Filipovský

    Vnitrni Lekarstvi
    |January 5, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hypertension in the elderly, particularly isolated systolic hypertension, is common. Antihypertensive treatment, including diuretics and calcium channel blockers, effectively reduces cardiovascular events and heart failure in older adults.

    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Cardiology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Hypertension is a prevalent issue in older adults, significantly increasing cardiovascular risk.
    • Isolated systolic hypertension, characterized by increased pulse pressure due to arterial stiffening, is common in individuals aged 65 and above.
    • The co-occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, and diabetes rises with age, complicating hypertension management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the management of hypertension in the elderly, focusing on treatment strategies that offer cardiprotective effects without negatively impacting comorbid conditions.
    • To highlight the efficacy of specific antihypertensive drug classes in older populations, particularly those with isolated systolic hypertension.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of prospective studies and clinical trials, including the HYVET study.
    Keywords:
    hypertension in the elderly - isolated systolic hypertension - pulse pressure - treatment of hypertension

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  • Analysis of drug classes such as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and ACE inhibitors for their use in elderly hypertensive patients.
  • Consideration of treatment benefits in high-risk populations and those with specific conditions like stroke.

    • Main Results:

    • Diuretics are supported by extensive data from prospective studies.
    • Calcium channel blockers are particularly effective for isolated systolic hypertension.
    • Antihypertensive treatment, as demonstrated by the HYVET study, significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and heart failure in individuals aged 80 and over.

    Conclusions:

    • Antihypertensive therapy is beneficial for individuals aged 80 and above, reducing cardiovascular events and heart failure.
    • Drug selection should consider cardiprotective effects and potential interactions with common comorbidities in the elderly.
    • Specific agents like calcium channel blockers are well-suited for isolated systolic hypertension in this demographic.