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Self-Control and Academic Achievement.

Angela L Duckworth1, Jamie L Taxer2, Lauren Eskreis-Winkler1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; email: duckwort@psych.upenn.edu , eskreisl@sas.upenn.edu.

Annual Review of Psychology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-control, the ability to align actions with long-term goals despite immediate temptations, is crucial for academic success. Strengthening self-control can significantly improve students' academic performance and achievement.

Keywords:
academic achievementlearningmotivationnoncognitiveself-controlself-regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Self-control involves aligning actions with valued goals despite immediate temptations.
  • Students frequently face conflicts between long-term academic goals and short-term nonacademic desires.
  • Understanding this conflict is key to improving academic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of self-control in academic achievement.
  • To define self-control and differentiate it from related concepts.
  • To explore how self-control can be enhanced to support academic goals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on self-control and academics.
  • Examination of longitudinal studies linking self-control to academic performance metrics.
  • Application of the process model of self-control to understand impulse generation and regulation.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence links higher self-control to better academic attainment, grades, and test scores.
  • Students commonly experience internal conflicts impacting their academic focus.
  • The process model provides a framework for understanding and intervening in self-control regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Self-control is a significant predictor of academic achievement.
  • Interventions can be developed to help students strengthen self-control for academic success.
  • Future research should continue exploring practical applications for enhancing student self-control.