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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

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In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
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Transformers01:26

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A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
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Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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In single-phase two-winding transformers, two windings are coiled around a magnetic core characterized by cross-sectional area A and magnetic permeability μ. A phasor current i1 enters the left winding while i2 exits the right winding, establishing the fundamental working of the transformer through electromagnetic principles.
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Properties of the z-Transform II01:16

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The property of Accumulation in signal processing is derived by analyzing the accumulated sum of a discrete-time signal and using the time-shifting property to determine its z-transform. This principle reveals that the z-transform of the summed signal is related to the z-transform of the original signal by a multiplicative factor.
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Three-Winding Transformers01:19

Three-Winding Transformers

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Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer.
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A Robotic Platform for High-throughput Protoplast Isolation and Transformation
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A Robotic Platform for High-throughput Protoplast Isolation and Transformation

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An Automated Protoplast Transformation System.

Scott C Lenaghan1,2, C Neal Stewart3

  • 1Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA. slenagha@utk.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Automated protoplast production and transformation using robotics significantly reduces costs and labor for high-throughput plant biology experiments, enabling faster genetic analysis.

Keywords:
AutomationEnzymatic digestionHigh-throughput screeningProtoplastsRoboticsTobaccoTransformation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Protoplast isolation is crucial for single-cell plant biology, enabling genetic analysis and functional studies.
  • Traditional enzymatic cell wall digestion for protoplast production is often expensive and labor-intensive.
  • Automation offers a potential solution to overcome these limitations in plant research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the use of an integrated robotic system for automated protoplast production, transformation, and analysis.
  • To demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of this automated system for high-throughput plant biology.
  • To facilitate rapid assessment of genetic elements and genome editing in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an integrated robotic system for automated bulk protoplast isolation from various plant tissues (cell suspension, leaf, stem).
  • Automated protoplast counting, transformation with genetic constructs, and fluorescence-based analysis.
  • Employed enzymatic cell wall digestion as a core component within the automated workflow.

Main Results:

  • Achieved efficient protoplast production and transformation at significantly reduced costs.
  • Demonstrated the system's capability for high-throughput analysis, enabling rapid assessment of genetic elements.
  • Validated the automation process for reliable protoplast isolation, counting, and transformation.

Conclusions:

  • The automated robotic system provides a cost-effective and efficient solution for high-throughput protoplast isolation and transformation.
  • This technology accelerates single-cell plant biology research, including gene expression and genome editing studies.
  • Automation of protoplast workflows is a key advancement for modern plant biotechnology and genetic research.