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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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An In Vitro Dormancy Model of Estrogen-sensitive Breast Cancer in the Bone Marrow: A Tool for Molecular Mechanism Studies and Hypothesis Generation
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Targeting Cancer Cell Dormancy.

Ariadna Recasens1, Lenka Munoz1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|January 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer cell dormancy, a reversible cell cycle arrest, enables tumor progression and therapy resistance. Understanding quiescence mechanisms is key to developing strategies targeting dormant cancer cells.

Keywords:
cancer dormancydisseminated tumor cellsdrug-tolerant persister cellsepigenetic inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer cell dormancy, or quiescence, is a reversible cell cycle arrest.
  • Dormant cancer cells contribute to metastasis, therapy resistance, and immune evasion.
  • These cells are implicated in cancer progression and recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize molecular mechanisms of cancer cell dormancy in disseminated tumor cells and drug-tolerant persister cells.
  • To analyze current pharmacological strategies targeting dormant cancer cells.
  • To explore methods for managing dormant cancer cells: maintaining dormancy, enhancing drug susceptibility, or eradication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of existing and emerging pharmacological interventions.
  • Categorization of therapeutic strategies based on their goals.

Main Results:

  • Identified key molecular pathways enabling cancer cell quiescence.
  • Highlighted the role of dormancy in treatment failure and disease relapse.
  • Reviewed strategies to either maintain dormancy, induce cell cycle re-entry for drug targeting, or directly eliminate dormant cells.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting cancer cell dormancy is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • A multi-pronged pharmacological approach is needed to effectively manage dormant cancer cells.
  • Further research into dormancy mechanisms will drive the development of novel cancer therapies.