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Perspective: The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)-Lessons Learned, Improvements Made, and Future Directions
James R Hébert1,2, Nitin Shivappa1,2, Michael D Wirth1,2,3
1Cancer Prevention and Control Program.
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|January 8, 2019
Summary
The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) quantifies diet
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Growing body of research highlights inflammation's role in health.
- Diet significantly influences inflammatory processes.
- Need for a standardized tool to assess diet's inflammatory potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- Introduce the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) as a quantitative measure.
- Assess the role of diet in relation to inflammatory markers and chronic diseases.
- Discuss refinements and address misuse of the DII.
Main Methods:
- Developed DII based on extensive literature review across various study designs.
- Ensured universal applicability across human studies with adequate dietary assessment.
- Refined the DII algorithm based on methodologic insights.
Main Results:
- DII has been utilized in over 200 studies and 12 meta-analyses.
- Identified methodologic considerations regarding energy and nutrient intake.
- Observed instances of DII misuse and misinterpretation.
Conclusions:
- The DII is a valuable tool for quantifying dietary inflammation.
- Refinements improve its accuracy and applicability.
- Guidelines are needed to prevent DII misuse and misinterpretation.
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