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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
Published on: October 17, 2017
Neurosurgical Approaches
Peter J Madsen1, Han-Chiao Isaac Chen1, Shih-Shan Lang2
1Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Silverstein 3rd Floor, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Abstract:
Neurosurgery has long had a role in the treatment of disorders of muscle hyperactivity. This article discusses the use of selective peripheral neurotomy for the treatment of focal and multifocal spasticity, selective dorsal rhizotomy for alleviation of more generalized spasticity most often in the setting of cerebral palsy, dorsal root entry zone lesioning for cases of severe spasticity in a nonfunctioning limb, and deep brain stimulation for the treatment of dystonia. For each procedure, relevant pathophysiology and basic surgical anatomy and technique are addressed. Additionally, relevant aspects of patient selection, efficacy data, and complications of these procedures are discussed.
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