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Assessment of Unicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis Using Multimodality Imaging, X-ray Radiography and Raman Analysis
Hsiao-Huang Chang1, Ching-Li Cheng2, Wei-Chen Wang1
1Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.
International Heart Journal
|January 11, 2019
Summary
Unicuspid aortic valve (UAV), a rare congenital heart defect, can cause severe aortic stenosis. This case highlights a unique teardrop-shaped UAV with calcium deposits, leading to significant aortic stenosis.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Biomaterials Science
Background:
- Unicuspid aortic valve (UAV) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation.
- It can lead to significant aortic stenosis (AS) and/or aortic regurgitation (AR).
Observation:
- A 55-year-old man presented with a unicommissural UAV, severe AS, and mild AR.
- Multimodality imaging was used to assess the cardiac condition.
- The excised UAV showed an eccentric, teardrop-shaped opening with a slit-like structure.
Findings:
- Raman spectroscopy revealed three unevenly distributed components on the UAV surface.
- Calcium hydroxyapatite and type-B carbonate apatite were the predominant deposits.
- These mineral deposits were identified as the cause of severe AS.
Implications:
- This case provides detailed imaging and compositional analysis of a unicuspid aortic valve.
- Understanding the composition of UAVs can aid in diagnosing and managing AS.
- Further research into UAV pathophysiology may improve treatment strategies for congenital aortic valve disease.
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