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Cognitive Outcomes and Positional Plagiocephaly.

Brent R Collett1,2, Erin R Wallace2, Deborah Kartin3

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Children with moderate to severe positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) showed lower cognitive and academic scores. Mild PPB had negligible effects, suggesting PPB severity impacts developmental outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) is associated with developmental outcomes, but long-term effects are not well understood.
  • This study investigated cognition and academic achievement in school-aged children with and without a history of PPB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine long-term cognitive and academic outcomes in children with a history of PPB.
  • To test the hypothesis that children with PPB as infants would score lower than controls.

Main Methods:

  • 187 school-aged children with PPB history and 149 controls were enrolled.
  • Cognitive and academic outcomes were assessed using the Differential Ability Scales, Second Edition and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Third Edition.
  • PPB severity was categorized as mild or moderate to severe.

Main Results:

  • Children with PPB scored lower on most cognitive and academic measures compared to controls.
  • Significant differences were observed in children with moderate to severe PPB (effect sizes -0.47 to -0.23).
  • Minimal differences were found in children with mild PPB (effect sizes -0.28 to 0.14).

Conclusions:

  • Moderate to severe PPB is associated with lower cognitive and academic performance in school-aged children.
  • Mild PPB showed negligible associations with developmental outcomes.
  • PPB severity assessment is recommended for targeted developmental assessment and intervention.