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Related Concept Videos

Internal Energy02:00

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The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice
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Energy Expenditure While Using Workstation Alternatives at Self-Selected Intensities.

John M Schuna, Daniel S Hsia, Catrine Tudor-Locke

    Journal of Physical Activity & Health
    |January 15, 2019
    PubMed
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    Active workstations like treadmill and pedal desks significantly increase energy expenditure (EE) during typing. Treadmill desks showed higher EE in men, while both desks offered substantial EE boosts over seated work.

    Keywords:
    physical activitysedentary behaviorsitting/standing

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    Area of Science:

    • Occupational Health
    • Human Physiology
    • Ergonomics

    Background:

    • Sedentary occupations contribute to low energy expenditure (EE).
    • Active workstations, such as pedal and treadmill desks, are proposed to increase EE in office environments.
    • Limited comparative data exists on EE during self-selected intensities on these active workstations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the energy expenditure (EE) of using pedal desks versus treadmill desks while typing at self-selected paces.
    • To quantify the increase in EE provided by active workstations compared to traditional seated office work.

    Main Methods:

    • 16 adults in sedentary jobs participated.
    • Indirect calorimetry measured EE during four conditions: seated rest, seated typing, pedal desk typing, and treadmill desk typing.
    • Participants used self-paced pedal and treadmill desks while typing.

    Main Results:

    • Both pedal and treadmill desk typing significantly increased EE compared to seated typing (P < .001).
    • Men exhibited higher EE on treadmill desks (3.46 kcal/min) versus pedal desks (2.73 kcal/min).
    • No significant EE difference was found between treadmill and pedal desks for women.

    Conclusions:

    • Treadmill desks significantly increased EE more than pedal desks in men, but not women.
    • Both active workstation types approximately doubled EE compared to traditional seated office work.