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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Assessing the Accuracy of Fitness Smartwatch Data for Cardiovascular and Physical Activity Monitoring: A Validation Study in Digital Health
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Real-Time Versus Video-Recorded Step Count Validation Among Young Adults.

Sicong Ren1, Mariya Boikova2, Cayla R McAvoy1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour
|April 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Directly observing treadmill steps is accurate and efficient, matching video review reliability. This method optimizes resources for large-scale step-counting studies, reducing personnel time and costs.

Keywords:
criterion measureinterrater reliabilitymean absolute percent deviation (MAPD)

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanical Analysis
  • Wearable Technology Validation

Background:

  • Consumer Technology Association guidelines suggest dual researcher review of treadmill step counts from video.
  • Current post hoc validation methods are resource-intensive, raising questions about necessity.
  • This study investigates the accuracy and efficiency of direct observation versus video review for step counting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of step counts obtained through direct observation.
  • To assess the efficiency of direct observation compared to video recording reviews.
  • To determine if current video review guidelines are necessary for treadmill step counting.

Main Methods:

  • 72 participants (ages 18-20) completed treadmill bouts at various speeds (0.2-2.7 m/s).
  • Steps were directly observed and hand-tallied in real-time.
  • A subset of video recordings underwent two independent recounts, yielding three total counts per bout.

Main Results:

  • Excellent interrater reliability (ICC ≥ .995) was observed across all speeds.
  • The average percent deviation between counts was minimal (0.29%), with bout-specific deviations under 1%.
  • High correlation between absolute count differences and average counts was found.

Conclusions:

  • Single, real-time direct step counts are sufficient and efficient for controlled treadmill settings.
  • Video recounts can serve as a backup for data integrity and random verification.
  • Findings support optimizing personnel time and reducing costs in large-scale treadmill studies.