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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

535
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
535
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

337
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
337
Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:28

Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

349
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. This condition can arise from various causes, including rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, or degenerative valve disease. Effective nursing management is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and involves comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed...
349
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

473
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
473
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

5.6K
Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
5.6K
Approximate Integration01:24

Approximate Integration

50
In many practical and theoretical contexts, the exact value of a definite integral may be inaccessible. This limitation typically arises when the antiderivative of a function is either unknown or cannot be expressed in a closed mathematical form. Alternatively, it can occur when a function is defined not by a formula but by a finite set of empirical data points, such as those collected during experiments. In these cases, approximate integration techniques provide a valuable solution.One of the...
50

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

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Papillary Muscle Tugging Approximation for Functional Mitral Regurgitation.

Yoshiro Matsui1, Yasushige Shingu1, Satoru Wakasa1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel surgical technique, papillary muscle tugging approximation with mitral valve replacement, offers a safe and feasible solution for severe functional mitral regurgitation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy unsuitable for advanced therapies.

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Contractility Measurements on Isolated Papillary Muscles for the Investigation of Cardiac Inotropy in Mice
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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

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Contractility Measurements on Isolated Papillary Muscles for the Investigation of Cardiac Inotropy in Mice
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Contractility Measurements on Isolated Papillary Muscles for the Investigation of Cardiac Inotropy in Mice

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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Heart Valve Repair

Background:

  • Severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) presents significant surgical challenges.
  • Patients unsuitable for heart transplantation or ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation require alternative treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel surgical technique for FMR in DCM patients.
  • To assess the safety, feasibility, and midterm outcomes of this new approach.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new surgical procedure: papillary muscle tugging approximation combined with mitral valve replacement.
  • Application of the technique in patients with severe FMR and nonischemic/ischemic DCM.

Main Results:

  • The developed surgical technique was found to be safe and feasible.
  • Excellent midterm outcomes were observed following the procedure.

Conclusions:

  • Papillary muscle tugging approximation with mitral valve replacement is a viable surgical option for select FMR patients.
  • This technique provides a promising alternative for patients with DCM who are not candidates for transplantation or VADs.