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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

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Is echocardiography necessary for all single umbilical artery fetuses? A retrospective study in a selected Chinese

Jian Wang1, Yujiao Ye1, Tiantian Xin2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
|January 16, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Single umbilical artery (SUA) is linked to congenital heart disease (CHD). Echocardiography is recommended for SUA fetuses with extracardiac abnormalities or maternal risk factors, but routine follow-up may suffice for others.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • The association between single umbilical artery (SUA) and congenital heart disease (CHD) remains debated.
  • Identifying fetuses with SUA who require detailed fetal echocardiography is crucial for early diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate risk factors for CHD in fetuses with SUA.
  • To determine the necessity of fetal echocardiography for all SUA fetuses.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 152 SUA fetuses undergoing fetal echocardiography.
  • Comparison of maternal and fetal characteristics between CHD and non-CHD groups.
  • Poisson regression analysis to identify risk factors for CHD.

Main Results:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) was detected in 12.5% of SUA fetuses.
  • Abnormal cardiac screening, extracardiac abnormalities, and first-trimester infection/threatened abortion were associated with CHD.
  • SUA fetuses with extracardiac abnormalities had a 4.74 times higher risk of CHD.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal cardiac screening during ultrasound is effective in identifying fetuses with CHD.
  • SUA fetuses with extracardiac abnormalities and maternal risk factors warrant detailed fetal echocardiography.
  • SUA fetuses without these risk factors may only require routine obstetric follow-up.
Abstract

Keywords:
congenital heart diseasefetal echocardiographysingle umbilical artery

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