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Regional neutrality evolves through local adaptive niche evolution.

Mathew A Leibold1, Mark C Urban2, Luc De Meester3

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; mleibold@ufl.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local adaptive evolution can lead to neutral biodiversity patterns at the landscape level. This occurs as species adapt to local conditions, creating priority effects that drive niche convergence regionally.

Keywords:
coexistencecommunity monopolizationecoevolutionary feedbacklocal adaptationmetacommunity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biodiversity Science

Background:

  • Biodiversity is maintained by niche differentiation or neutral processes.
  • The role of local adaptive evolution in these mechanisms is not well understood.
  • Ecological communities face disturbance and competition in interconnected landscapes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of local adaptive evolution to species coexistence.
  • To understand how adaptive evolution influences biodiversity patterns at regional scales.
  • To explore the emergence of neutrality from local niche-based processes.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling local adaptive evolution in a patchy landscape.
  • Simulating colonization and adaptation dynamics in disturbed patches.
  • Analyzing the long-term effects of priority effects on species distributions.

Main Results:

  • Local adaptive evolution can lead to priority effects, where early colonists adapt and prevent subsequent colonization.
  • Over time, these local adaptations drive niche convergence at the regional scale.
  • Neutral cooccurrence patterns can emerge at the landscape level despite strong local niche segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Local adaptive evolution can reconcile niche differentiation with observed neutral biodiversity patterns.
  • Priority effects driven by local adaptation can shape regional species distributions.
  • This study provides a mechanism for understanding how neutrality arises in ecological systems.