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Maternal Adiposity Influences Neonatal Brain Functional Connectivity.

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Maternal obesity alters neonatal brain connectivity in sensory, reward, cognitive, and motor domains. These findings highlight potential neural risks for offspring and inform early intervention strategies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • While adult obesity's neural mechanisms are known, maternal obesity's effects on fetal and neonatal brain development are unclear.
  • Maternal adiposity, measured by BMI and body fat percentage, may impact offspring neurodevelopment.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for addressing potential long-term health consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neonatal functional brain connectivity alterations linked to maternal obesity.
  • To identify specific neural domains affected by maternal adiposity in newborns.
  • To explore potential imaging biomarkers for early risk identification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in full-term neonates.
  • Applied seed-based and graph theoretical analyses to assess functional connectivity.
  • Quantified maternal adiposity using body-mass-index (BMI) and body-fat-mass (BFM) percentage.

Main Results:

  • Detected significant alterations in neonatal functional connectivity across four key domains: sensory cue processing, reward processing, cognitive control, and motor control.
  • Observed regional functional connectivity changes in areas also exhibiting global degree and efficiency differences.
  • Established a correlation between maternal adiposity metrics and specific neonatal brain connectivity patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal obesity is associated with widespread functional brain connectivity alterations in neonates.
  • These alterations may represent the neural underpinnings for cognitive and mental health development in offspring.
  • Findings suggest the potential for developing imaging-based biomarkers for early detection and intervention in at-risk infants.