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PPI adverse drugs reactions: a retrospective study
Marco Casciaro1, Michele Navarra2, Giuseppina Inferrera3
11School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Clinical and Molecular Allergy : CMA
|January 25, 2019
Summary
Hypersensitive reactions to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can occur, though their exact rate is unknown. This study found a low incidence in patients with prior drug hypersensitivity, suggesting a low risk of severe allergic events.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Clinical Medicine
- Immunology
Background:
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to reduce gastric acid secretion.
- While generally safe, PPIs can cause allergic reactions, the true incidence of which is not well-established.
- Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributed to PPIs are reportedly increasing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the rate of hypersensitive reactions to PPIs in patients with a history of drug hypersensitivity.
- To identify the PPI most frequently implicated in hypersensitivity reactions.
- To assess the safety of alternative anti-acid drugs in patients with PPI hypersensitivity.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study analyzing data from 1229 patients with adverse drug reactions between 2008 and 2013.
- Extrapolation of data specifically for PPI-related reactions.
- Oral challenge tests with alternative anti-acid drugs were performed in select cases.
Main Results:
- Twelve patients (1.0%) reported a history of hypersensitive reaction to PPIs.
- Pantoprazole was the most frequently involved PPI in reported hypersensitivity cases.
- No adverse reactions were observed during oral challenges with alternative anti-acid drugs.
Conclusions:
- Hypersensitivity reactions to PPIs appear to be under-reported but are increasing.
- Despite the increase, the risk of severe allergic events from PPIs remains low globally.
- Further research is needed to clarify the incidence and prevalence of PPI hypersensitivity and cross-reactivity.
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