Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

23.9K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
23.9K
Electric Potential and Potential Difference01:16

Electric Potential and Potential Difference

5.7K
Suppose a positive test charge moves away from a positive static charge, then the Coulomb force does positive work, and its electric potential energy decreases. The potential energy per unit charge is defined as the electric potential. The electric potential is independent of the test charge.
When a test charge moves from the initial to the final position, the electric potential difference between those positions is defined as the ratio of the change in the potential energy to the charge on the...
5.7K
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

8.3K
The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
8.3K
Identifying Statistically Significant Differences: The F-Test01:14

Identifying Statistically Significant Differences: The F-Test

3.8K
The F-test is used to compare two sample variances to each other or compare the sample variance to the population variance. It is used to decide whether an indeterminate error can explain the difference in their values. The underlying assumptions that allow the use of the F-test include the data set or sets are normally distributed, and the data sets are independent of each other. The test statistic F is calculated by dividing one variance by another. In other words, the square of one standard...
3.8K
Sum and Difference OpAmps01:22

Sum and Difference OpAmps

1.4K
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile devices that extend beyond amplification. In this context, two specific op-amp configurations are explored: the summing and difference amplifiers.
A summing amplifier, or an adder, utilizes an op-amp to merge multiple input signals into a single output signal. When audio signals are introduced into its input channels, the input resistors initiate currents that traverse feedback resistors, resulting in an output voltage. Applying Kirchhoff's current...
1.4K
Difference Equation Solution using z-Transform01:24

Difference Equation Solution using z-Transform

637
The z-transform is a powerful tool for analyzing practical discrete-time systems, often represented by linear difference equations. Solving a higher-order difference equation requires knowledge of the input signal and the initial conditions up to one term less than the order of the equation.
The z-transform facilitates handling delayed signals by shifting the signal in the z-domain, which corresponds to delaying the signal in the time domain, and advancing signals by similarly shifting in the...
637

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

UV electro-optic frequency comb hybrid fiber/bulk laser system for molecular wind lidar.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Experimental demonstration of coherent beam combination by a simulation-trained deep neural network.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Numerical and experimental study of self-seeded stimulated Brillouin scattering in active fibers injected by a sinusoidally phase modulated signal.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Coherent beam combining of wavelength-division multiplexed telecom signals: toward high-power and high-bit-rate free-space optical telecommunications.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Development of an all-fiber spliced laser system using stimulated Brillouin scattering mitigation techniques and achieving 50 ns, 10 kW peak power for lidar applications.

Optics letters·2025
Same author

SBS mitigation by sinusoidal phase modulation of a 1572  nm all-fiber amplifier for lidar CO<sub>2</sub> sensing.

Applied optics·2024
Same journal

Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 60 km fiber using an integrated silicon photonic receiver.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

E2E-OCT: end-to-end joint learning model using optical coherence tomography images for vocal cord leukoplakia diagnosis.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Holographic generation of panoramic 3D scenes by concave ellipsoidal mirror reflection.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Dual-pilot phase recovery with pair-wise maximum-ratio combining for coherent PONs.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Mapping the whispering gallery modes of a CaF<sub>2</sub> disk resonator with half-tapered fibers to estimate the fundamental mode volume.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Quantitative estimation of deep-subwavelength scale via dark-field scattering axial energy concentration decay profiles.

Optics letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation
09:39

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

Published on: May 27, 2013

12.8K

Coherent combining of mid-infrared difference frequency generators.

Alice Odier, Rodwane Chtouki, Pierre Bourdon

    Optics Letters
    |February 1, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers demonstrated the first experimental coherent combining of mid-infrared difference frequency generators using active phase control. This technique efficiently phase-locks idler waves by controlling a single pump wave, achieving high-quality combined output.

    More Related Videos

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

    Published on: June 8, 2018

    9.7K
    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
    09:38

    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

    Published on: December 18, 2015

    12.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

    In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation
    09:39

    In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

    Published on: May 27, 2013

    12.8K
    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

    Published on: June 8, 2018

    9.7K
    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
    09:38

    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

    Published on: December 18, 2015

    12.6K

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Coherent combining of multiple light sources is crucial for achieving higher power and improved beam quality in various laser applications.
    • Mid-infrared (mid-IR) light generation is important for spectroscopy, sensing, and free-space communications.
    • Previous attempts at coherent combining often faced challenges with phase stability and complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate the first coherent combining of two mid-infrared difference frequency generators (DFGs).
    • To achieve phase-locking of the generated idler waves using active phase control.
    • To investigate the efficiency and phase stability of the combined output.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized two continuous-wave (CW) mid-IR difference frequency generators.
    • Implemented active phase control on one of the pump waves using an all-fiber electro-optic modulator.
    • Leveraged the inherent phase relationship within the nonlinear DFG process for phase-locking.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully achieved coherent combining of the two mid-IR DFGs.
    • Demonstrated phase-locking of the idler waves with precise control over one pump wave.
    • Reported excellent combining efficiency with a minimal residual phase error of λ/28.

    Conclusions:

    • This work presents the first experimental validation of coherent combining for mid-IR DFGs.
    • The proposed method offers a robust and efficient approach for phase control and combining.
    • The achieved high phase stability opens possibilities for advanced mid-IR applications requiring coherent sources.