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How the Canine Distemper Virus Infects Human Cells at the Molecular Level in Vitro

Xuefeng Cao, Yinan Tian, Xiangming Huang

    Bing Du Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Virology
    |February 1, 2019
    PubMed

    Insights

    Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a threat to humans due to its ability to infect human cells in vitro. While direct human colonization isn't proven, shared receptors with primates warrant close monitoring for potential zoonotic risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Zoonotic Diseases
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes severe disease in dogs.
    • CDV has been detected in primates, raising concerns about human infection potential.
    • Understanding CDV's infectivity is crucial for public health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the molecular characteristics of CDV.
    • To elucidate CDV's cell infection mechanisms and host receptors.
    • To assess the in vitro infectivity of CDV in human cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on CDV molecular biology.
    • Analysis of CDV receptor interactions (SLAM, nectin-4).
    • Evaluation of CDV infection studies in human cell lines.

    Main Results:

    • CDV possesses molecular features that could facilitate host cell entry.
    • High identity between canine/primate receptors SLAM and nectin-4 identified.
    • CDV demonstrated infectivity in human cells in vitro.

    Conclusions:

    • No direct evidence of CDV colonization and growth in humans currently exists.
    • Shared receptor identity suggests potential for CDV transmission to humans.
    • Vigilance regarding the potential zoonotic threat of CDV is necessary.

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