[Rational diagnosis of anemias]

An algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of anemias is presented. It starts with history, physical examination, and a basic laboratory program including erythrocyte morphology. On the basis of the reticulocyte count and MCH-value anemias are divided into hypo- and hyperregenerative as well as micro-, normo-, or macrocytic forms. Within these groups it is easy to diagnose common anemias by only a few laboratory tests. Rare forms of anemia will be recognized as such and diagnosed by special investigations.