Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Composition of Blood Plasma01:24

Composition of Blood Plasma

8.4K
Blood plasma is a fluid that contains approximately 92% water and 8% solutes. The solutes include various types of proteins, which constitute about 7% of the total solutes in the plasma. The high-molecular-weight proteins—albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen—are essential to plasma function. Albumins, making up about 60% of the plasma proteins, maintain the osmotic balance within blood vessels by preventing excessive water leakage. Additionally, albumins serve as carrier proteins,...
8.4K
Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane

2.3K
Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
2.3K
Plasma Membrane in Bacteria and Archaea01:27

Plasma Membrane in Bacteria and Archaea

1.8K
The plasma membrane is an essential cellular structure responsible for maintaining cellular integrity and regulating the selective transport of molecules. While bacteria and archaea share the fundamental function of plasma membranes, their structural and molecular differences reflect adaptations to distinct ecological and physiological challenges.Bacterial Plasma MembranesBacterial plasma membranes are predominantly composed of phospholipids with fatty acid chains ester-linked to a glycerol...
1.8K
Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding01:29

Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding

8.8K
Drugs predominantly attach to plasma proteins, with only a small percentage remaining unbound. The unbound portion can be calculated as one minus the bound fraction. Acidic drugs form large, inactive complexes by reversibly binding to plasma albumin, which prevents them from diffusing across biological barriers. These drug-protein complexes act as reservoirs for the drugs. As the concentration of unbound drugs decreases, these complexes quickly dissociate to release the free drug, maintaining...
8.8K
Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells01:20

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells

3.8K
The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
Certain amino acids can exist in a zwitterion state at a...
3.8K
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

18.9K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
18.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SPINS-IND: Pellet injector for fuelling of magnetically confined fusion systems.

The Review of scientific instruments·2017
Same author

Inverse mirror plasma experimental device—A new magnetized linear plasma device with wide operating range.

The Review of scientific instruments·2015
Same author

A simple experimental method to determine magnetic field topology in toroidal plasma devices.

The Review of scientific instruments·2015
Same author

A Guillemin type E pulse forming network as the driver for a pulsed, high density plasma source.

The Review of scientific instruments·2014
Same author

A linear helicon plasma device with controllable magnetic field gradient.

The Review of scientific instruments·2012
Same author

Design of multipulse Thomson scattering diagnostic for SST-1 tokamak.

The Review of scientific instruments·2007

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

How to Ignite an Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma Torch without Any Additional Igniters
08:42

How to Ignite an Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma Torch without Any Additional Igniters

Published on: April 16, 2015

20.7K

A washer gun plasma system for microwave-plasma interaction experiments.

Anitha V P1, Priyavandana J Rathod1, Jayesh Raval1

  • 1Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|February 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel washer-gun plasma system generates high-density plasma for high power microwave (HPM) interactions. This system allows tailored plasma profiles for specific HPM experimental needs.

More Related Videos

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

13.1K
Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells
07:37

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Published on: November 17, 2017

13.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

How to Ignite an Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma Torch without Any Additional Igniters
08:42

How to Ignite an Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma Torch without Any Additional Igniters

Published on: April 16, 2015

20.7K
Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

13.1K
Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells
07:37

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Published on: November 17, 2017

13.4K

Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Microwave engineering
  • Fusion energy research

Background:

  • High power microwave (HPM)-plasma interaction requires specific plasma conditions.
  • Existing systems may not provide the necessary density, uniformity, and gradient control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a washer-gun based plasma system for HPM-plasma interaction experiments.
  • To achieve critical plasma parameters including density, uniformity, and axial gradient.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a washer-gun plasma source driven by a ten-stage pulse forming network.
  • Generated pulsed discharges (τ_pulse ≈ 100 μs) with electron densities (ne) up to 1018 m-3 and electron temperatures (Te) of 10 eV.
  • Identified temporal and spatial regimes for plasma characterization.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ne ≈ 1018 m-3, meeting critical density requirements.
  • Obtained radial uniformity over ≈10 cm and axial uniformity over ≈20 cm.
  • Demonstrated control over axial density gradients (Ln ≈ 10 cm) and tailored plasma profiles for 3-5 GHz HPM frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed washer-gun plasma system successfully meets the stringent requirements for HPM-plasma interaction studies.
  • The system offers tunable plasma parameters, enabling flexible experimental designs.
  • This work provides a characterized plasma source for advanced microwave plasma experiments.