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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Consider a symmetrical roof truss structure, composed of vertical, diagonal, and horizontal members. The length of each horizontal member is 4 m. The lengths of the vertical members FB and HD are 4 m, while the length of member GC is 6 m. The loads acting at joints F, G, and H are 2 kN, while those at joints A and E are 1 kN.
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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...
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Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.
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Advanced methods for microRNA biosensing: a problem-solving perspective.

Roberta D'Agata1, Giuseppe Spoto2,3

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy. dagata.r@unict.it.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|February 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores innovative sensing strategies for microRNA (miRNA) detection, addressing challenges in analyzing these molecules. It highlights promising nanomaterial-based approaches for improved miRNA biomarker utility.

Keywords:
BiosensingElectrochemistryFluorescenceMicroRNAMicrofluidicsSurface plasmon resonance

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial biomarkers but challenging to analyze due to their unique properties.
  • Existing detection methods face limitations in efficiency and accuracy.
  • Developing advanced platforms for miRNA detection is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current microRNA sensing strategies.
  • To critically assess the challenges and limitations in microRNA detection.
  • To identify and discuss innovative approaches for enhanced miRNA sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microRNA sensing technologies.
  • Critical analysis of sensing strategies, focusing on drawbacks and pitfalls.
  • Evaluation of emerging approaches, particularly those utilizing nanomaterials and nanostructures.

Main Results:

  • Identified key challenges hindering efficient and accurate microRNA detection.
  • Highlighted the potential of nanomaterial-based and hybrid strategies.
  • Discussed innovative methods for overcoming current limitations in miRNA sensing.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterials and nanostructures offer promising avenues for improved microRNA detection.
  • Innovative sensing strategies are crucial for advancing microRNA as clinical biomarkers.
  • Further development is needed to translate these methods for practical clinical utility.