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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
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IR Spectrum01:19

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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Mass Spectrum01:23

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Subclinical Manic Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Yu Okada, Dai Miyawaki, Hiroto Kusaka

    Osaka City Medical Journal
    |February 6, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show symptoms related to bipolar disorder (BP), though not full diagnoses. This study highlights the need for careful diagnosis to avoid over-treatment in ASD populations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
    • Mental Health Research

    Background:

    • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is frequently associated with comorbidities, with growing interest in bipolar disorder (BP) in children.
    • Prevalence rates of BP in children with ASD vary significantly due to differing diagnostic methodologies.
    • Establishing clear diagnostic criteria for BP in children with ASD remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the reliable prevalence of bipolar disorder (BP) in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
    • To evaluate the presence and frequency of subclinical bipolar disorder (BP) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-sectional, case-control study involving 110 referred children aged 6-15 years.
    • Participants included 46 children with ASD (case group) and 64 children without ASD (control group).
    • Strict operational criteria for BP diagnosis and semi-structured interviews for subclinical BP symptoms were utilized.

    Main Results:

    • No children in the ASD group received a formal BP diagnosis, while two in the control group did.
    • Subclinical symptoms of elation/expansive mood were significantly more prevalent in the ASD group (26.1%) compared to controls (3.1%).
    • Subclinical symptoms of racing thoughts were also significantly higher in the ASD group (32.6%) versus controls (9.4%).

    Conclusions:

    • School-aged children with ASD frequently exhibit subclinical symptoms associated with bipolar disorder (BP).
    • Awareness of these subclinical symptoms is crucial to prevent the over-diagnosis of BP in children with ASD.
    • Effective treatment strategies tailored to these specific symptoms are necessary for affected children.