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Electrically pumped photonic integrated soliton microcomb.

Arslan S Raja1, Andrey S Voloshin2, Hairun Guo1,3

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Integrated Optics
  • Nonlinear Optics

Background:

  • Microcombs offer a path to integrated, broad-bandwidth frequency combs with low power consumption, suitable for wafer-scale fabrication.
  • Electrically-driven, chip-based microcombs face challenges due to high threshold power and laser frequency agility requirements for soliton initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate an electrically-driven soliton microcomb.
  • To overcome limitations of existing microcomb technologies by integrating a laser diode with a microresonator.
  • To achieve soliton formation and control in a compact, low-power system.

Main Methods:

  • Coupling a III-V-material-based (indium phosphide) multiple-longitudinal-mode laser diode chip to a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator fabricated using the photonic Damascene process.
  • Utilizing self-injection locking of the laser diode to the microresonator.
  • Tuning the laser diode current to control soliton states.

Main Results:

  • Achieved self-injection locking, resulting in laser linewidth narrowing and dissipative Kerr soliton formation.
  • Observed transitions between modulation instability, breather solitons, and single-soliton states by tuning laser diode current.
  • Demonstrated a system operating at sub-100-GHz mode spacing, requiring less than 1 Watt of electrical power in a ~1 cm³ volume.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully demonstrated an electrically-driven soliton microcomb, simplifying integrated frequency comb generation.
  • The developed system eliminates the need for on-chip filters and heaters, reducing complexity and footprint.
  • This approach paves the way for practical, low-power, chip-scale frequency comb sources.