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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Noninvasive brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Venkataram Shivakumar1,2, Damodharan Dinakaran1, Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, WISER Neuromodulation Program, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) show promise as add-on treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These noninvasive brain stimulation techniques may help patients resistant to traditional therapies.

Keywords:
Neuromodulationnoninvasive brain stimulationobsessive compulsive disorderrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationtranscranial direct current stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition causing significant functional impairment.
  • A substantial portion of OCD patients (40%) do not respond adequately to standard treatments like serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize existing studies on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for OCD.
  • To analyze the study designs, stimulation parameters, and key findings of TMS and tDCS interventions in OCD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published research on noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • Analysis of study characteristics including design, participant criteria, stimulation protocols (e.g., coil type, frequency, intensity for TMS; electrode placement, current intensity, duration for tDCS), and outcome measures.

Main Results:

  • Overview of various TMS and tDCS protocols applied to OCD patients.
  • Summary of reported efficacy and safety data from reviewed studies, highlighting variability in results.
  • Identification of common stimulation targets and parameters used in OCD research.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive brain stimulation, including TMS and tDCS, represents a potential therapeutic avenue for treatment-refractory OCD.
  • Further research is needed to optimize stimulation parameters, refine study designs, and establish the long-term efficacy and safety of these interventions for OCD.