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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos
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Published on: January 14, 2013

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Profiles analysis reveals circular RNAs involving zebrafish physiological development.

Heng Liu1, Yin Hu1, Jing Yin1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Tian Fei Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study identified 1,028 circular RNAs (circRNAs) during zebrafish embryonic development. These circRNAs, acting as miRNA sponges, are dynamically regulated and play key roles in embryonic development.

Keywords:
RNA polymerase IIcircular RNAdanio rerioembryonic developmentmiRNA sponges

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) perform diverse functions including miRNA/protein sequestration and transcriptional modulation.
  • The zebrafish model offers valuable insights due to its developmental similarities to humans.
  • Understanding circRNA dynamics is crucial for deciphering roles in development and related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic changes in circRNA expression during zebrafish embryonic development.
  • To identify key circRNAs involved in embryonic development.
  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs, including miRNA sponge activity.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish embryos were collected at multiple developmental stages (blastula, gastrula, segmentation, throat, incubation).
  • Illumina deep-sequencing and the CircRNA Identifier (CIRI) algorithm were employed for circRNA detection.
  • Bioinformatics analyses, including TargetScan and miRanda, were used for host gene and miRNA target prediction.

Main Results:

  • 1,028 circRNAs were identified with high confidence (junction reads ≥5, p < 0.05).
  • Differentially expressed host genes associated with circRNAs are involved in NOTCH signaling, cardiovascular development, and axon guidance.
  • 73 miRNAs, including miR-19b and miR-124, were predicted to bind to circRNAs, suggesting miRNA sponge functions.

Conclusions:

  • CircRNA expression peaks at different embryonic stages, indicating stage-specific roles.
  • This study provides a foundational understanding of the dynamic circRNA transcriptome during zebrafish embryogenesis.
  • Novel circRNAs with potential roles in controlling embryonic development were identified.