Neurologic Conditions: Common Peripheral Neuropathies

Peripheral neuropathies (PNs) are a group of conditions caused by damage to the peripheral nervous system. PN is a condition commonly seen in the family medicine setting and can lead to reduced quality of life due to pain, ulceration, and falls. More than 100 etiologies of PN have been identified; the most common are metabolic, drug-related, and systemic etiologies. Common treatable etiologies include diabetes and other medical conditions. Screening is recommended only for patients with suspected diabetic PN. The diagnosis of neuropathies is made primarily using the clinical history and physical examination results. Laboratory and electrodiagnostic tests can be used to identify the etiology of PN, and should be considered in atypical cases or if the diagnosis is uncertain. In some cases, management of the underlying cause of the neuropathy is indicated. Management includes adequate control of the blood glucose level in patients with diabetes and correction of vitamin deficiencies. Symptom control often is achieved with use of drugs.