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Retrospective study of pneumonia due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in Reunion

C Vanhecke1, R Girerd2, M Dujardin2

  • 1Service des urgences-SMUR du centre hospitalier Gabriel Martin, 38, rue Labourdonnais CS 11045, 97166 Saint-Paul, Reunion; Centre René Labusquière, (Institut de Médecine tropicale), Université Victor Segalen, 33000 Bordeaux, France.

Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia is a severe infection, often affecting young individuals. Early recognition and targeted antibiotic treatment, including toxin inhibitors, are crucial for improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing Staphylococcus aureus causes severe community-acquired pneumonia.
  • This necrotizing pneumonia presents an unusual but high case fatality infection.
  • It primarily affects young, previously healthy individuals, often after flu-like symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with PVL-producing Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia.
  • To inform clinical awareness and management strategies for this severe infection.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of patients with Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia.
  • Data collected from emergency department admissions in Reunion between December 2014 and December 2017.
  • Analysis of laboratory registers and medical files.

Main Results:

  • 16 patients were included, with a median age of 40.5 years.
  • Over half had prior emergency department admissions for acute respiratory distress syndrome or severe sepsis.
  • 14 patients required intensive care, and 6 patients died (5 premature deaths).

Conclusions:

  • Physicians must consider PVL-producing Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia during flu season.
  • Prompt adaptation of antibiotic treatment, including toxin inhibitors, is recommended.
  • Empirical treatment without glycopeptides is feasible in Reunion due to low rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords:
Leucocidine de Panton-ValentinePanton-Valentine leukocidinPneumoniaPneumonieStaphylococcus aureus

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