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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Nanotechnology
    • Computational Physics

    Background:

    • The Abbe diffraction limit restricts resolution in conventional far-field optics to 0.5λ/NA.
    • Overcoming this limit is crucial for advancements in high-resolution imaging and lithography.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design an optical super-oscillation lens (SOL) that surpasses the Abbe diffraction limit.
    • To achieve precise control over SOL phase for enhanced focusing capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a genetic algorithm for the controllable and precise design of the SOL phase.
    • Performed simulations to evaluate focusing performance and experimental demonstrations.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a focal spot with 0.105λ/NA resolution (79.0% minification) in simulations.
    • Demonstrated 65.5% minification in experimental results, showcasing practical applicability.
    • Successfully broke the conventional Abbe diffraction limit.

    Conclusions:

    • The genetic algorithm approach offers a powerful method for designing SOLs with superior focusing capabilities.
    • This technology holds significant promise for applications in advanced optical lithography and biological microscopy.
    • Enables non-invasive, label-free imaging from the far field, opening new avenues in scientific research.