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Sparse Game Changers Restore Collective Motion in Panicked Human Crowds
Ajinkya Kulkarni1, Sumesh P Thampi2, Mahesh V Panchagnula1
1Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
Physical Review Letters
|February 16, 2019
Summary
Disorder emerges from orderly crowds via a nonequilibrium phase transition. Modifying "game changer" agents, especially at high speeds, can reverse this transition, aiding crowd safety and evacuation.
Area of Science:
- Complex systems
- Statistical mechanics
- Human crowd dynamics
Background:
- Human crowds can transition from orderly to disordered states.
- Understanding crowd behavior is crucial for public safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the phase transition of human crowd disorder.
- To identify methods for controlling crowd behavior and enhancing safety.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a dynamic variant of the Vicsek model.
- Simulated the emergence and reversal of crowd disorder.
- Identified optimal placement for "game changer" agents.
Main Results:
- Crowd disorder emerges as a nonequilibrium first-order phase transition.
- Modifying a few agents ("game changers") can reverse this transition.
- Optimal placement for game changers is in regions of maximum local crowd speed.
Conclusions:
- The discontinuous nature of the phase transition explains game changer effectiveness.
- This approach offers strategies to delay crowd crush.
- Provides a framework for designing safer evacuation procedures for mass gatherings.
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