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Which interactions dominate in active colloids?

Benno Liebchen1, Hartmut Löwen1

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

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|February 17, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a simplified model for active colloids, revealing that phoretic interactions, often overlooked, drive dynamic clustering. This model highlights the significance of swimming speed in colloidal interactions and self-assembly.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Active Matter

Background:

  • Phoretic interactions, driven by gradients essential for active colloid swimming, are frequently omitted in many-body models due to complexity.
  • Existing models often overlook the significant role of these cross-interactions in colloidal systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified model for phoretic interactions in active colloids.
  • To investigate the dominance of phoretic interactions over hydrodynamic interactions.
  • To explain dynamic clustering phenomena in active colloids.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a reduced pair-interaction model for far-field phoretic interactions.
  • Analysis of the model's dependence on a single key parameter: swimming speed.
  • Comparison of model predictions with experimental observations of active colloids.

Main Results:

  • Phoretic interactions are generically important for autophoretic colloids, especially with partial surface coating or moderate mobility variations.
  • The simplified model predicts that phoretic interactions can dominate over hydrodynamic forces.
  • The model successfully reproduces dynamic clustering in active colloids at low densities, aligning with experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • A simplified model effectively captures essential phoretic interactions in active colloids.
  • Phoretic interactions play a crucial role in the collective behavior and self-assembly of active colloidal systems.
  • Dynamic clustering arises from the interplay between screened phoretic attractions and active diffusion.