[Abdominal surgery in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus]

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is considered a risk factor for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and other gastrointestinal complications in preterm infants. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a higher incidence of abdominal surgery and the associated morbidity and mortality in preterm infants who require treatment due to a significant PDA.

An observational study was conducted that included preterm infants with <37 weeks of gestational age, and a diagnosis of PDA in the last 10 years. Depending on the treatment received, the patients were divided into 3 groups: medical (A), medical and surgical (B), and no treatment (C). An analysis was performed on the pre- and peri-natal variables, as well as the incidence of gastrointestinal complications (NEC, and need for surgery for this reason), and overall mortality.

The study included a sample of 144 patients, of whom 91 were assigned to group A, 16 to B, and 37 to C. The mean gestational age by groups was 28, 26.7, and 30.1 weeks, respectively. The mean birth weight was 1083.9 gr, 909.3 gr, and 1471.2 gr, respectively. As regards the incidence of NEC, a total of 21, 5, and 5 cases, respectively, were found in each group, with 43%, 60% and 35%, respectively requiring abdominal surgery. Mortality by groups was 12%, 19%, and 3%, respectively CONCLUSION: Patients who required treatment for a significant PDA had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal complications and higher mortality than untreated patients, with no statistically significant differences being found. In the group of patients that required treatment, lower gestational age and birth weight, could explain the increase in morbidity and mortality found in these patients.