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Mesenchymal influences on epithelial differentiation in developing systems.

P M Sharpe1, M W Ferguson

  • 1Department of Cell Structural & Biology, University of Manchester, England.

Journal of Cell Science. Supplement
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Mesenchymal tissue signals are crucial for epithelial development and function, impacting everything from embryonic development to adult tissue maintenance. Understanding these epithelial-mesenchymal interactions is key to addressing pathologies and therapeutic interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Mesenchyme tissue, comprising cells, matrix, and soluble factors, significantly influences epithelial morphogenesis, proliferation, and differentiation in various embryonic and adult tissues.
  • Disruptions in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are implicated in pathologies like premalignant lesions, tumors, and psoriasis, while therapeutic manipulation can aid in conditions like dental implant exfoliation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which mesenchyme signals to epithelium and how the epithelium processes these signals.
  • To utilize the developing embryonic palate as a model system to understand epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, particularly in the context of cleft palate formation.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the development of embryonic mouse palate, focusing on the growth, elevation, and fusion of palatal shelves from embryonic day 11 to 14.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigated the differentiation of oral, medial, and nasal epithelia, and the role of underlying mesenchyme in specifying this differentiation in vivo and in vitro.
  • Analyzed the signaling pathways involving soluble growth factors (e.g., TGF-α, TGF-β, PDGF, FGF) and extracellular matrix molecules.

    • Main Results:

    • Mesenchyme specifies oral, medial, and nasal epithelial differentiation.
    • Soluble growth factors stimulate mesenchyme to produce extracellular matrix molecules, which, along with soluble factors, direct epithelial differentiation.
    • Basal epithelial stem cells respond to these signals by synthesizing unique proteins, and in the case of medial edge epithelia, can transform into mesenchymal cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are critical for normal palate development, with mesenchymal signals directing epithelial differentiation.
    • The study demonstrates that basal epithelial cells possess multipotency, capable of differentiating into mesenchymal cells under specific signaling cues.
    • Understanding these intricate signaling pathways offers insights into developmental defects and potential therapeutic strategies.