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Distributed control architecture for real-time model predictive control for system-level harmonic mitigation in power

Espen Skjong1, Tor Arne Johansen2, Marta Molinas3

  • 1Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (NTNU-AMOS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7052 Trondheim, Norway; Ulstein Blue Ctrl AS, 6018 Å lesund, Norway.

ISA Transactions
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a distributed control hierarchy for fast-dynamic systems, enabling real-time Model Predictive Control (MPC) for harmonic mitigation in Active Power Filters. The novel architecture ensures control flexibility and meets real-time demands with efficient resource usage.

Keywords:
Distributed hierarchical controlHarmonic mitigationModel predictive controlReal-timeRepetitive controlSystem architecture

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Area of Science:

  • Control Systems Engineering
  • Power Electronics
  • Embedded Systems

Background:

  • Model Predictive Control (MPC) in fast-dynamic systems faces challenges with high computational loads and real-time implementation assurance.
  • Existing MPC implementations on embedded devices often lack flexibility for runtime changes in control philosophy or system models.
  • Power systems require adaptable control strategies, especially when transitioning between integrated and segregated states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a distributed control hierarchy featuring a real-time MPC implementation for harmonic mitigation in Active Power Filters.
  • To introduce a novel system architecture enabling real-time properties and control flexibility for MPC applications.
  • To design a higher-level MPC control unit as a swappable distributed control node.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a distributed control hierarchy with a higher-level MPC unit feeding references to a lower-level control device.
  • Designed a novel system architecture for MPC control, distribution of actions, and measurement feedback.
  • Utilized repetitive and distributed control principles for MPC design, allowing a lower control update rate.
  • Implemented a simulator architecture mimicking Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) testing to evaluate real-time performance and resource usage.

Main Results:

  • The proposed harmonic mitigation application using the novel MPC architecture meets the system's real-time requirements.
  • The implementation demonstrates acceptable resource usage on embedded devices.
  • The distributed control node design allows for flexibility in swapping control philosophies or objectives.

Conclusions:

  • The novel distributed control hierarchy effectively addresses real-time implementation challenges of MPC in fast-dynamic systems.
  • The proposed architecture provides the necessary control flexibility for dynamic system changes, such as in power systems.
  • The MPC implementation for Active Power Filter harmonic mitigation is viable for real-time applications with efficient resource utilization.