Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.4K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.2K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.2K
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

6.8K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
6.8K
Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

3.7K
Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
3.7K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

4.0K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
4.0K
Joints01:26

Joints

35.6K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
35.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of sodium hypochlorite and hyaluronic acid in subgingival re-instrumentation - a randomized clinical trial.

BMC oral health·2026
Same author

Effects of anthropometry, age and sex on center of pressure displacement evoked by small trunk perturbations in balance tests.

European journal of applied physiology·2026
Same author

A vestibular conflict perspective on kinetosis risk during different motion patterns in real car driving experiments with obstructed outward view.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same author

Isokinetic Strength Profile of the Wrist Muscles: A Study of Healthy Women and Men.

Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology·2025
Same author

Knowledge, Use, and Barriers to Electrical Stimulation in Upper Limb Stroke Therapy Among German Therapists: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Neural plasticity·2025
Same author

The angle-based dynamic control ratio in isokinetic fatiguing knee flexion-extension effort: A study of healthy subjects.

Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·2025
Same journal

Seasonal Changes in Collegiate Division-I Soccer Athlete Countermovement Jump Performance.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026
Same journal

Moderate Intensity Resistance Training With Partial Range-of-Motion at Long Muscle Lengths Elicits Similar Hypertrophy and Architectural Adaptations as High Intensity Resistance Training Using Full Range-of-Motion.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026
Same journal

Countermovement Jump Responses During an Academy Rugby League In-Season.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026
Same journal

The Association Between Athletic Movement Quality and Physical Fitness in Athletic Populations: A Systematic Review With Multilevel Meta-Analysis.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026
Same journal

Sex Differences in Maximal and Endurance Adductor Strength: Implications for Athlete Screening and Return to Play.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026
Same journal

The Role of Y Balance Test Execution Time in Detecting Chronic Ankle Instability.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
08:40

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.9K

Multiple-Joint Isokinetic Dynamometry: A Critical Review.

Zeevi Dvir1, Steffen Müller2,3

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|February 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple-joint isokinetic dynamometry (MID) offers valid assessment and conditioning for muscle action patterns. Standardization of tests and protocols is needed for wider clinical application.

More Related Videos

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
09:44

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients

Published on: April 12, 2011

83.1K
A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice
09:41

A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2015

15.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
08:40

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

7.9K
Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
09:44

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients

Published on: April 12, 2011

83.1K
A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice
09:41

A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2015

15.8K

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Angular isokinetic dynamometry (AID) is the standard for single-joint muscle performance testing.
  • Multiple-joint isokinetic dynamometry (MID) has limited application despite its potential for functional movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the aspects of multiple-joint isokinetic dynamometry (MID).
  • To explore terminology, classification, scaling, technical issues, reference values, and reproducibility of MID.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing literature on multiple-joint isokinetic dynamometry.
  • Analysis of terminology, classification, scaling, technical and methodological issues, reference values, and reproducibility.

Main Results:

  • MID can be validly and effectively used for assessing and conditioning specific muscle action patterns.
  • Challenges include scaling, technical/methodological issues, and lack of standardized protocols and reference values.

Conclusions:

  • MID shows promise for evaluating and training functional movements.
  • Further research and standardization are crucial for its broader adoption in clinical settings.