Poly(deep eutectic solvent)-functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework composites coupled with solid-phase...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Cationic dyes like malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) are common pollutants.
• Efficient separation techniques are crucial for environmental monitoring and remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize novel magnetic composites for selective dye separation.
• To optimize and validate a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method for MG and CV.
• To investigate the underlying interaction mechanisms for dye adsorption.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of Fe3O4NH2@HKUST-1@PDES composites.
• Characterization using FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, VSM, and zeta potential.
• Optimization of MSPE parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS).
• Analysis of dye concentrations using established methods.

Main Results:

• High extraction amounts achieved: 966.93 mg/g for MG and 788.90 mg/g for CV.
• RSM model accurately predicted optimal conditions and extraction yields.
• Low limits of detection (e.g., 23.97 ng/mL for CV) and high precision (RSD < 0.4%).
• Successful application in spiked fish samples with recoveries ranging from 89.43% to 100.65%.

Conclusions:

• Fe3O4NH2@HKUST-1@PDES-MSPE is a highly effective strategy for selective cationic dye separation.
• Electrostatic interactions are the primary mechanism for dye adsorption.
• The developed method shows excellent potential for analyzing dyes in complex matrices.