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    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetics
    • Signal Processing
    • Image Reconstruction

    Background:

    • Millimeter-wave imaging systems often face challenges with data redundancy and limited image resolution.
    • Multi-static arrays offer potential for improved imaging but require efficient design strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an efficient design for multi-static arrays in millimeter-wave imaging.
    • To reduce data redundancy and enhance the resolution of reconstructed images.
    • To improve the overall quality and edge preservation of imaging results.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing k-space (Fourier-spatial) domain characteristics for array design.
    • Determining transmitter and receiver roles for optimal data collection per voxel.
    • Employing a modified SAR back-projection algorithm to compensate for non-uniform k-space sampling.
    • Comparing the proposed sparse multi-static array with conventional designs.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated significant improvements in image quality and edge preservation.
    • Achieved an average improvement of 3.03 dB in peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).
    • Showcased an average improvement of 0.22 in structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and 0.173 in digital image correlation (DIC).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed efficient design for multi-static arrays significantly enhances millimeter-wave imaging performance.
    • The k-space domain approach and modified back-projection algorithm effectively address data redundancy and resolution limitations.
    • The method offers a substantial improvement in key image quality metrics, validating its efficacy.